Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 38 Researches
7.6
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 10 Reviews
8.4
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 2 Soft Gels
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Calories
30
Total Fat
2.5 g
3%**
Cholesterol
<5 mg
1%
Protein
<1 g
Vitamin E (as natural d-alpha tocopherol)
13.4 mg
89%
Norwegian Fish Oil
2.5 g
†
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids*
1,600 mg
†
EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid)*
800 mg
†
DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid)*
600 mg
†
Top Medical Research Studies
8
We focused on how Resolvin D1 (RvD1), a pro-resolving lipid, impacts systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our study measured RvD1 levels and T follicular helper (Tfh) cell counts in SLE patients versus healthy individuals.
We found that higher RvD1 levels correlated with lower disease activity and fewer Tfh cells. RvD1 was effective in reducing Tfh cell activity in a mouse model and inhibited Tfh differentiation in lab tests.
Overall, RvD1 appears to play a significant role in managing SLE by suppressing Tfh cells and influencing immune responses.
We found that higher RvD1 levels correlated with lower disease activity and fewer Tfh cells. RvD1 was effective in reducing Tfh cell activity in a mouse model and inhibited Tfh differentiation in lab tests.
Overall, RvD1 appears to play a significant role in managing SLE by suppressing Tfh cells and influencing immune responses.
Read More
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to explore the effects of PEGlated nanoliposome of pistachio unsaturated oils on inflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS). During the study, we treated MS patients with these nanoliposomes enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid, a type of omega-3 fatty acid known for its potential health benefits.
After the treatment, we observed significant improvements in various markers of inflammation. Notably, the levels of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids increased, while the level of matrix metallopeptidase-9, an enzyme linked to inflammation, decreased. This shift indicates a favorable response in how the patients’ bodies were managing inflammation.
Moreover, we noted a Th2-biased response in cytokine levels, which typically suggests a less inflammatory environment. The results showed a significant reduction in the frequency of relapses, lower disability scores, and fewer T2 lesions in patients treated with the nanoliposomes. Overall, our findings suggest that eicosapentaenoic acid treatment may offer promising benefits for managing inflammation associated with multiple sclerosis.
After the treatment, we observed significant improvements in various markers of inflammation. Notably, the levels of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids increased, while the level of matrix metallopeptidase-9, an enzyme linked to inflammation, decreased. This shift indicates a favorable response in how the patients’ bodies were managing inflammation.
Moreover, we noted a Th2-biased response in cytokine levels, which typically suggests a less inflammatory environment. The results showed a significant reduction in the frequency of relapses, lower disability scores, and fewer T2 lesions in patients treated with the nanoliposomes. Overall, our findings suggest that eicosapentaenoic acid treatment may offer promising benefits for managing inflammation associated with multiple sclerosis.
Read More
7
We analyzed data from 18 randomized controlled trials involving 1018 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients to understand the effects of omega-3 supplementation. Our findings revealed that omega-3 significantly increased beneficial fatty acids, EPA, and DHA, while also decreasing harmful triglycerides and tender joint counts.
However, while some inflammation markers showed slight improvements, these changes were not statistically significant. Overall, omega-3 may help manage certain symptoms of RA, but the evidence remains mixed regarding its broader impact on inflammation.
However, while some inflammation markers showed slight improvements, these changes were not statistically significant. Overall, omega-3 may help manage certain symptoms of RA, but the evidence remains mixed regarding its broader impact on inflammation.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Inflammation reduction
211 people found this helpful
I have tried many omega brands, and this one is my favourite. Two cans arrived, and following the instructions for 2 capsules a day meant it would last exactly two months—a budget-friendly choice. I experience a slight burp, but it’s citrus, not fishy. The quality is excellent; my hair and nails improved. After COVID, I felt slightly depressed, but this omega resolved that issue effectively. It’s well packed, and the capsules are large yet easy to swallow. For anyone needing omega, this is a godsend! It effectively reduces inflammation for my autoimmune disorder.
Read More
9
Mood enhancement
5 people found this helpful
This is the best omega I've tried! It comes in two cans, lasting two months with two capsules daily. I appreciate the absence of fishy burps—just citrus. My hair, nails, and mood improved significantly after I struggled with depression post-COVID. The capsules are large but easy to swallow. For anyone requiring omega, this is a fantastic choice that effectively alleviates inflammation for my autoimmune disorder.
Read More
9
Heart health restoration
1 people found this helpful
A must for women! At 46, I've taken Omega-3 consistently for five years but took a three-month break. I faced heart issues and dry skin, realising I neglected my health. I ordered omega-3 and some vitamins, and I felt human again! Omega-3 regulates cholesterol, and its benefits are apparent. The large, easy-to-swallow capsules lack an unpleasant taste, reflecting high-quality ingredients.
Read More
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 38 Researches
7.6
- All Researches
9
We explored the effects of a new, stable form of resolvin D1, called p-MPPF, on autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a condition affecting the nervous system. In our research, both p-MPPF and its unstable counterpart, RvD1, showed significant promise in reducing inflammation and improving symptoms.
This was evidenced by less severe disease progression, better spinal cord health, and changes in immune cell activity. Importantly, we discovered that both substances influenced immune cells in a way that avoids inflammation. Our findings suggest that these types of compounds could lead to improved treatments for autoimmune disorders.
This was evidenced by less severe disease progression, better spinal cord health, and changes in immune cell activity. Importantly, we discovered that both substances influenced immune cells in a way that avoids inflammation. Our findings suggest that these types of compounds could lead to improved treatments for autoimmune disorders.
Read More
9
We explored the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a complex autoimmune disease that causes widespread inflammation in the body. In a carefully designed study using a mouse model of SLE, we discovered that dietary supplementation with EPA-rich fish oil significantly improved various autoimmune symptoms.
Our findings revealed that, after treatment, the mice showed reductions in fluid accumulation, abnormal tissue growth, and levels of certain autoantibodies in their blood. Notably, EPA also led to improvements in kidney health, evidenced by reduced protein levels in urine and decreased inflammation in kidney tissues.
Delving into the mechanisms, we found that EPA influenced how immune cells, particularly B cells, develop. It helped in reducing the overall number of B cells, which are often overactive in autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, EPA encouraged the production of an anti-inflammatory cytokine called IL-10. This is significant because IL-10 plays a crucial role in controlling immune responses and curbing inflammation.
Overall, our research suggests that integrating omega-3 fatty acids like EPA into diets could serve as a promising approach to managing autoimmune conditions, such as SLE. By balancing the intake of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, we may better control the onset and severity of this challenging disease.
Our findings revealed that, after treatment, the mice showed reductions in fluid accumulation, abnormal tissue growth, and levels of certain autoantibodies in their blood. Notably, EPA also led to improvements in kidney health, evidenced by reduced protein levels in urine and decreased inflammation in kidney tissues.
Delving into the mechanisms, we found that EPA influenced how immune cells, particularly B cells, develop. It helped in reducing the overall number of B cells, which are often overactive in autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, EPA encouraged the production of an anti-inflammatory cytokine called IL-10. This is significant because IL-10 plays a crucial role in controlling immune responses and curbing inflammation.
Overall, our research suggests that integrating omega-3 fatty acids like EPA into diets could serve as a promising approach to managing autoimmune conditions, such as SLE. By balancing the intake of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, we may better control the onset and severity of this challenging disease.
Read More
9
We set out to understand if adding eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) could improve outcomes for patients with autoimmune disorders and cholestatic liver diseases. By evaluating how this combination affects key factors like bile acid management, cell apoptosis, and inflammation, we aimed to see if EPA could bolster the effects of UDCA, especially in patients who typically do not respond well to this treatment.
Interestingly, we found that when EPA was combined with a lower dose of UDCA, the results were quite appealing. The combination helped reduce the expression of certain inflammatory genes and showed a notable decrease in cell damage caused by bile acids, even when compared to higher doses of UDCA alone. This means that with EPA, we could potentially achieve better therapeutic outcomes without escalating the drug dosage.
Our findings suggest that incorporating EPA alongside UDCA not only enhances the benefits but could also widen the therapeutic window for patients struggling with liver issues linked to autoimmune disorders. This exciting pharmaco-nutraceutical approach may pave the way for more effective treatments in the future.
Interestingly, we found that when EPA was combined with a lower dose of UDCA, the results were quite appealing. The combination helped reduce the expression of certain inflammatory genes and showed a notable decrease in cell damage caused by bile acids, even when compared to higher doses of UDCA alone. This means that with EPA, we could potentially achieve better therapeutic outcomes without escalating the drug dosage.
Our findings suggest that incorporating EPA alongside UDCA not only enhances the benefits but could also widen the therapeutic window for patients struggling with liver issues linked to autoimmune disorders. This exciting pharmaco-nutraceutical approach may pave the way for more effective treatments in the future.
Read More
9
We sought to understand how dietary fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), influence autoimmune diseases like lupus. Through our research on both drug-induced and spontaneous mouse models of lupus, we observed that supplementing with EPA significantly eased symptoms associated with the disease.
Some of the notable improvements included reduced autoantibody production and diminished immunocomplex deposits in the kidneys. Our examinations through lipidomic and membrane dynamics analyses revealed that EPA changes the lipid composition and fluidity of B cell membranes. This adjustment appears to restrict the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells that produce harmful autoantibodies.
Overall, our findings indicate a promising new pathway by which fatty acids like EPA can potentially help manage autoimmunity. This suggests that EPA supplementation might serve as a beneficial treatment option for individuals with lupus.
Some of the notable improvements included reduced autoantibody production and diminished immunocomplex deposits in the kidneys. Our examinations through lipidomic and membrane dynamics analyses revealed that EPA changes the lipid composition and fluidity of B cell membranes. This adjustment appears to restrict the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells that produce harmful autoantibodies.
Overall, our findings indicate a promising new pathway by which fatty acids like EPA can potentially help manage autoimmunity. This suggests that EPA supplementation might serve as a beneficial treatment option for individuals with lupus.
Read More
9
We aimed to understand how eicosapentaenoic acid, among other metabolites, plays a role in managing autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We tested two specific strains of probiotics, CCFM1074 and CCFM1075, on rats with collagen-induced arthritis to evaluate their impact on immune responses and gut health.
Our findings showed that CCFM1074 significantly eased symptoms of arthritis, while CCFM1075 did not offer similar benefits. Interestingly, both strains helped reduce inflammation markers, notably lowering plasma levels of IL-6 and decreasing the proportion of harmful Th17 cells. However, CCFM1074 stood out by increasing beneficial Treg cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes.
One of the highlights of our study was the role of eicosapentaenoic acid—a metabolite that was notably regulated by CCFM1074. This fatty acid is linked to improving unsaturated fatty acids metabolism, which may contribute to reducing arthritis symptoms. Additionally, CCFM1074 positively influenced the gut microbiota, altering community structures and enhancing beneficial bacteria populations.
Overall, we observed that eicosapentaenoic acid, alongside other factors, could help alleviate arthritis by promoting a healthier gut environment and balancing immune responses.
Our findings showed that CCFM1074 significantly eased symptoms of arthritis, while CCFM1075 did not offer similar benefits. Interestingly, both strains helped reduce inflammation markers, notably lowering plasma levels of IL-6 and decreasing the proportion of harmful Th17 cells. However, CCFM1074 stood out by increasing beneficial Treg cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes.
One of the highlights of our study was the role of eicosapentaenoic acid—a metabolite that was notably regulated by CCFM1074. This fatty acid is linked to improving unsaturated fatty acids metabolism, which may contribute to reducing arthritis symptoms. Additionally, CCFM1074 positively influenced the gut microbiota, altering community structures and enhancing beneficial bacteria populations.
Overall, we observed that eicosapentaenoic acid, alongside other factors, could help alleviate arthritis by promoting a healthier gut environment and balancing immune responses.
Read More
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 10 Reviews
8.4
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
9
Inflammation reduction
211 people found this helpful
I have tried many omega brands, and this one is my favourite. Two cans arrived, and following the instructions for 2 capsules a day meant it would last exactly two months—a budget-friendly choice. I experience a slight burp, but it’s citrus, not fishy. The quality is excellent; my hair and nails improved. After COVID, I felt slightly depressed, but this omega resolved that issue effectively. It’s well packed, and the capsules are large yet easy to swallow. For anyone needing omega, this is a godsend! It effectively reduces inflammation for my autoimmune disorder.
Read More
9
Mood enhancement
5 people found this helpful
This is the best omega I've tried! It comes in two cans, lasting two months with two capsules daily. I appreciate the absence of fishy burps—just citrus. My hair, nails, and mood improved significantly after I struggled with depression post-COVID. The capsules are large but easy to swallow. For anyone requiring omega, this is a fantastic choice that effectively alleviates inflammation for my autoimmune disorder.
Read More
9
Heart health restoration
1 people found this helpful
A must for women! At 46, I've taken Omega-3 consistently for five years but took a three-month break. I faced heart issues and dry skin, realising I neglected my health. I ordered omega-3 and some vitamins, and I felt human again! Omega-3 regulates cholesterol, and its benefits are apparent. The large, easy-to-swallow capsules lack an unpleasant taste, reflecting high-quality ingredients.
Read More
7.5
Skin improvement
4 people found this helpful
I chose this Omega due to its composition and manufacturer. I purchased three sets for my mum, husband, and myself. After a week, my skin dryness diminished, and my overall health improved markedly. I will definitely order more.
Read More
9
Joint pain relief
1 people found this helpful
This is the best omega-3 I've taken. There was no gastrointestinal discomfort or belching; I didn’t notice a taste. Many doctors recommend this omega because of its optimal EPA and DHA ratio. After one month, my skin improved and joint pain disappeared post-activity. I recommend this omega and will continue ordering it.
Read More
Frequently Asked Questions
7.5
Pain reduction
1 people found this helpful
I ordered this for therapy to relieve inflammation related to rheumatoid arthritis. After a couple of weeks, my morning pains decreased significantly, and now I can sleep almost through the night!
7.5
Test result improvement
1 people found this helpful
I ordered this omega for my grandmother based on a doctor's recommendation. We required a specific dosage to reduce lipid levels due to atherosclerosis. After 1.5 weeks, her test results significantly improved.
9
Joint pain relief
1 people found this helpful
This is the best omega-3 I've taken. There was no gastrointestinal discomfort or belching; I didn’t notice a taste. Many doctors recommend this omega because of its optimal EPA and DHA ratio. After one month, my skin improved and joint pain disappeared post-activity. I recommend this omega and will continue ordering it.
9
Inflammation reduction
211 people found this helpful
I have tried many omega brands, and this one is my favourite. Two cans arrived, and following the instructions for 2 capsules a day meant it would last exactly two months—a budget-friendly choice. I experience a slight burp, but it’s citrus, not fishy. The quality is excellent; my hair and nails improved. After COVID, I felt slightly depressed, but this omega resolved that issue effectively. It’s well packed, and the capsules are large yet easy to swallow. For anyone needing omega, this is a godsend! It effectively reduces inflammation for my autoimmune disorder.
7.5
Skin improvement
4 people found this helpful
I chose this Omega due to its composition and manufacturer. I purchased three sets for my mum, husband, and myself. After a week, my skin dryness diminished, and my overall health improved markedly. I will definitely order more.
6
Skin health maintenance
This is not my usual brand, but I appreciate the extra bottle. I’ve heard that this brand offers higher quality fish oil packaged well. I’ve used it for years for my skin, hair, heart, and brain health. I notice when I skip doses—my skin suffers. It helps reduce inflammation linked to my autoimmune disorders (Hashimoto's and Celiac). There was no fishy taste, though the size of the capsules is average for fish oil.
9
Heart health restoration
1 people found this helpful
A must for women! At 46, I've taken Omega-3 consistently for five years but took a three-month break. I faced heart issues and dry skin, realising I neglected my health. I ordered omega-3 and some vitamins, and I felt human again! Omega-3 regulates cholesterol, and its benefits are apparent. The large, easy-to-swallow capsules lack an unpleasant taste, reflecting high-quality ingredients.
9
Mood enhancement
5 people found this helpful
This is the best omega I've tried! It comes in two cans, lasting two months with two capsules daily. I appreciate the absence of fishy burps—just citrus. My hair, nails, and mood improved significantly after I struggled with depression post-COVID. The capsules are large but easy to swallow. For anyone requiring omega, this is a fantastic choice that effectively alleviates inflammation for my autoimmune disorder.
8
Omega-3s may improve SLE outcomes
We explored the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using data from 418 participants. Our analysis focused on how different fatty acids relate to disease activity, pain, and sleep quality.
The results highlight that higher levels of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, particularly DHA, are linked to better outcomes in SLE patients. Although our findings support the idea that omega-3s can be beneficial, more research is needed to confirm these benefits and their long-term effects.
This suggests that improving omega-3 intake through diet could be an effective strategy for managing SLE.
The results highlight that higher levels of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, particularly DHA, are linked to better outcomes in SLE patients. Although our findings support the idea that omega-3s can be beneficial, more research is needed to confirm these benefits and their long-term effects.
This suggests that improving omega-3 intake through diet could be an effective strategy for managing SLE.
7
We analyzed data from 18 randomized controlled trials involving 1018 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients to understand the effects of omega-3 supplementation. Our findings revealed that omega-3 significantly increased beneficial fatty acids, EPA, and DHA, while also decreasing harmful triglycerides and tender joint counts.
However, while some inflammation markers showed slight improvements, these changes were not statistically significant. Overall, omega-3 may help manage certain symptoms of RA, but the evidence remains mixed regarding its broader impact on inflammation.
However, while some inflammation markers showed slight improvements, these changes were not statistically significant. Overall, omega-3 may help manage certain symptoms of RA, but the evidence remains mixed regarding its broader impact on inflammation.
8
We explored the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and autoimmune disorders, conducting a comprehensive review and Mendelian randomization analysis.
Our findings indicate that omega-3s provide benefits primarily for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, improving disease activity and reducing inflammation.
However, there was no strong evidence supporting their effectiveness against other autoimmune conditions like psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. This suggests that while omega-3s may benefit certain illnesses, more research is needed for others.
Our findings indicate that omega-3s provide benefits primarily for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, improving disease activity and reducing inflammation.
However, there was no strong evidence supporting their effectiveness against other autoimmune conditions like psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. This suggests that while omega-3s may benefit certain illnesses, more research is needed for others.
8
We explored the protective effects of omega-3 fatty acids on insulin-producing cells, particularly focusing on their role in reducing inflammation related to type 1 diabetes. Our findings suggest that omega-3s boost a protein called ARH3, which helps lower the expression of a harmful chemokine, CXCL9.
This mechanism seems to shield β cells from autoimmune attacks, potentially decreasing the risk of developing type 1 diabetes. Overall, while omega-3s show promise as an anti-inflammatory agent, the full impact on autoimmune disorders necessitates further investigation.
This mechanism seems to shield β cells from autoimmune attacks, potentially decreasing the risk of developing type 1 diabetes. Overall, while omega-3s show promise as an anti-inflammatory agent, the full impact on autoimmune disorders necessitates further investigation.
References
- Gilley KN, Fenton JI, Zick SM, Li K, Wang L, et al. Serum fatty acid profiles in systemic lupus erythematosus and patient reported outcomes: The Michigan Lupus Epidemiology & Surveillance (MILES) Program. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1459297. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1459297
- You Y, Sarkar S, Deiter C, Elliott EC, Nicora CD, et al. Reduction of Chemokine CXCL9 Expression by Omega-3 Fatty Acids via ADP-Ribosylhydrolase ARH3 in MIN6 Insulin-Producing Cells. Proteomics. 2025;25:e202400053. doi:10.1002/pmic.202400053
- Wang Y, Hu S, Zhang W, Zhang B, Yang Z. Dietary factors and rheumatoid arthritis: new perspectives from a Mendelian randomisation analysis. Br J Nutr. 2025;133:107. doi:10.1017/S0007114524002721
- Nave CBD, Pereira P, Silva ML. The Effect of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) Supplementation on Clinical Manifestations and Inflammatory Parameters in Individuals with Sjögren's Syndrome: A Literature Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16213786
- Szczuko M, Kacprzak J, Przybylska A, Szczuko U, Pobłocki J, et al. The Influence of an Anti-Inflammatory Gluten-Free Diet with EPA and DHA on the Involvement of Maresin and Resolvins in Hashimoto's Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25. doi:10.3390/ijms252111692
- Hong K, Hun M, Wu F, Mao J, Wang Y, et al. Association between Omega-3 fatty acids and autoimmune disease: Evidence from the umbrella review and Mendelian randomization analysis. Autoimmun Rev. 2024;23:103651. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103651
- Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Zou M, Wu H, Liu C, et al. The chemically stable analogue of resolvin D1 ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by mediating the resolution of inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol. 2024;140:112740. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112740
- Salmon J, Wallace DJ, Rus V, Cox A, Dykas C, et al. Correction of omega-3 fatty acid deficiency and improvement in disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with krill oil concentrate: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lupus Sci Med. 2024;11. doi:10.1136/lupus-2024-001201
- Wang W, Xu Y, Zhou J, Zang Y. Effects of omega-3 supplementation on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Rheumatol. 2024;43:2479. doi:10.1007/s10067-024-07040-0
- Cervantes A, Hughes FM, Jin H, Purves JT. Specialized pro-resolution mediators in the bladder: effects of resolvin E1 on diabetic bladder dysfunction in the type 1 diabetic male Akita mouse model. BMC Urol. 2024;24:130. doi:10.1186/s12894-024-01519-3
- Chen Y, Li Z, Gao Y, Xu B, Zhang W, et al. Fish oil supplementation and risk of incident systemic lupus erythematosus: a large population-based prospective study. Nutr J. 2024;23:63. doi:10.1186/s12937-024-00965-x
- Kang T, Xi Y, Qian T, Lu S, Du M, et al. Exploring the link between dietary omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intake and rheumatoid arthritis risk: NHANES 1999-2020 study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2024;42:1720. doi:10.55563/clinexprheumatol/91tmfb
- Laevski AM, Doucet MR, Doucet MS, LeBlanc AA, Pineau PE, et al. Dietary omega-3 fatty acids modulate the production of platelet-derived microvesicles in an in vivo inflammatory arthritis model. Eur J Nutr. 2024;63:2221. doi:10.1007/s00394-024-03397-9
- Huang L, Wu J, Cao J, Sheng X, Wang M, et al. Resolvin D1 inhibits T follicular helper cell expansion in systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Rheumatol. 2024;53:276. doi:10.1080/03009742.2024.2344906
- Lin X, Zarghami A, Jelinek GA, Simpson-Yap S, Neate S, et al. Diet and omega-3 and vitamin D supplement use predict five-year fatigue and disability trajectories in people with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2024;86:105615. doi:10.1016/j.msard.2024.105615
- Costenbader KH, Cook NR, Lee IM, Hahn J, Walter J, et al. Vitamin D and Marine n-3 Fatty Acids for Autoimmune Disease Prevention: Outcomes Two Years After Completion of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2024;76:973. doi:10.1002/art.42811
- Jannas-Vela S, Candia AA, Peñailillo L, Barrios-Troncoso P, Zapata-Urzúa J, et al. Role of specialized pro-resolving mediators on inflammation, cardiometabolic health, disease progression, and quality of life after omega-3 PUFA supplementation and aerobic exercise training in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized 16-week, placebo-controlled interventional trial. F1000Res. 2023;12:942. doi:10.12688/f1000research.138392.1
- Liu A, Li Z, Zeng J, Peng Y, Wang S, et al. ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid alleviates systemic lupus erythematosus by suppressing autoimmunity in a murine model. Int Immunopharmacol. 2024;126:111299. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111299
- Poggioli R, Hirani K, Jogani VG, Ricordi C. Modulation of inflammation and immunity by omega-3 fatty acids: a possible role for prevention and to halt disease progression in autoimmune, viral, and age-related disorders. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023;27:7380. doi:10.26355/eurrev_202308_33310
- Marchand NE, Choi MY, Oakes EG, Cook NR, Stevens E, et al. Over-the-counter fish oil supplementation and pro-resolving and pro-inflammatory lipid mediators in rheumatoid arthritis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2023;190:102542. doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102542
- Ghasemi Darestani N, Bahrami A, Mozafarian MR, Esmalian Afyouni N, Akhavanfar R, et al. Association of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake on Inflammatory Gene Expression and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2022;14. doi:10.3390/nu14214627
- Gkiouras K, Grammatikopoulou MG, Myrogiannis I, Papamitsou T, Rigopoulou EI, et al. Efficacy of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on rheumatoid arthritis' disease activity indicators: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024;64:16. doi:10.1080/10408398.2022.2104210
- Hassanshahi G, Noroozi Karimabad M, Jebali A. The therapeutic effect of PEGlated nanoliposome of pistachio unsaturated oils and its efficacy to attenuate inflammation in multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial phase I. J Neuroimmunol. 2022;362:577768. doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577768
- Thérien A, Cieślak A, Verreault M, Perreault M, Trottier J, et al. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid: A Pharmaco-Nutraceutical Approach to Improve the Responsiveness to Ursodeoxycholic Acid. Nutrients. 2021;13. doi:10.3390/nu13082617
- Kobayashi A, Ito A, Shirakawa I, Tamura A, Tomono S, et al. Dietary Supplementation With Eicosapentaenoic Acid Inhibits Plasma Cell Differentiation and Attenuates Lupus Autoimmunity. Front Immunol. 2021;12:650856. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.650856
- Gorczyca D, Szponar B, Paściak M, Czajkowska A, Szmyrka M. Serum levels of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and their association with disease activity: a pilot study. Scand J Rheumatol. 2022;51:230. doi:10.1080/03009742.2021.1923183
- Fan Z, Ross RP, Stanton C, Hou B, Zhao J, et al. CCFM1074 Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Rats Balancing Treg/Th17 and Modulating the Metabolites and Gut Microbiota. Front Immunol. 2021;12:680073. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.680073
- Song J, Sun R, Zhang Y, Ke J, Zhao D. Serum resolvin E1 levels and its relationship with thyroid autoimmunity in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a preliminary study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2021;21:66. doi:10.1186/s12902-021-00730-9
- Oner F, Alvarez C, Yaghmoor W, Stephens D, Hasturk H, et al. Resolvin E1 Regulates Th17 Function and T Cell Activation. Front Immunol. 2021;12:637983. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.637983
- Su Y, Han Y, Choi HS, Lee GY, Cho HW, et al. Lipid mediators obtained from docosahexaenoic acid by soybean lipoxygenase attenuate RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and rheumatoid arthritis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2024;171:116153. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116153
- Wang M, Rajkumar S, Lai Y, Liu X, He J, et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures as local perpetuators of organ-specific immune injury: implication for lupus nephritis. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1204777. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1204777
- Muñoz-Jurado A, Escribano BM, Galván A, Valdelvira ME, Caballero-Villarraso J, et al. Neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis. J Nutr Biochem. 2024;124:109497. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109497
- Léger T, Brun A, Lanchais K, Rigaudière JP, Briat A, et al. Docosahexaenoic acid and etanercept could reduce functional and metabolic alterations during collagen-induced arthritis in rats without any synergistic effect. Life Sci. 2023;327:121826. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121826
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